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Police kettling. This strategy prevents the crowd from spilling out to harm bystanders. So. There is also a public-spectacle element of kettling. The police in New York City, as in other cities Sep 14, 2011 · Police "kettling" tactics are like a fishing trawler catching everything in its path, a lawyer tells the European Court of Human Rights. Jun 9, 2020 · At the George Floyd protests, some police have turned to ‘kettling’ to corral large groups of demonstrators, but some say the tactic can wrongly trap nonviolent demonstrators and Mar 1, 2023 · NEW YORK (AP) — New York City has agreed to pay several million dollars to settle a lawsuit brought by protesters who say they were assaulted, abused and trapped by police using a technique known as “kettling” at a demonstration in the wake of George Floyd’s killing. The process of kettling involves lines of police forcefully corralling people together into a space then surrounding the whole group on all sides preventing them from leaving the cordoned-in area. Constitution. The tactic is illegal in most instances. Nov 19, 2021 · The practice of ‘kettling’ protestors has become increasingly popular with police in the past decade – but its widespread use is an attack on democratic rights, and has little to do with public safety. Read our blog for more. In a test case, Hannah Mar 2, 2023 · NEW YORK — New York City has agreed to pay at least $21,500 each to individuals who say they were boxed in, pepper-sprayed and arrested by police in the Bronx during social justice protests in Jan 19, 2012 · The Metropolitan Police Commissioner today won an appeal against a High Court ruling over the force's use of 'kettling' against G20 protesters. The protest was held in breach of the legal requirement to inform city authorities of the intent to hold an assembly. Kettling (also known as containment or corralling) [1] is a police tactic for controlling large crowds during demonstrations or protests. Police kettling is a recent cultural-spatial phenomenon in which the police use a line of their bodies to encircle and hold in place several hundred people over an extended duration of time. High Court judges had ruled that police acted May 18, 2012 · Misconduct charges are expected against 45 Toronto police officers involved in the G20 summit two years ago, including five senior officers, one of them the commander who gave the notorious order Jun 9, 2020 · The police response has seen riot cops deployed, a mounted police charge and the deployment of the controversial containment tactic “kettling” on at least four separate occasions. " It means Sep 5, 2023 · The department agreed to stop kettling and create an oversight board for demonstrations in a legal settlement with the state attorney general, the New York Civil Liberties Union and the Legal Aid Sep 20, 2017 · Kettling is a term used to describe a crowd-control technique where police or security forces surround a group with a cordon of officers – sometimes in riot gear – and physically restrict it If the police believe that it is a proportionate way of protecting people from injury or property from damage, or preventing serious public disorder or violence. Apr 18, 2024 · Kettling serves as a de facto punishment for the most dedicated, and an attempt by the police to chill political participation by demoralizing protest infrastructure with harsh, respiratory violence. The method involves police encircling a group to prevent any exit before advancing, and it is often followed with indiscriminate detentions and arrests. It involves the formation of large cordons of police officers who then move to contain a crowd within a limited area. KETTLING definition: 1. The United Kingdom, [2012] ECHR 459, 15th March 2012 – read judgment The Grand Chamber of the ECtHR recently tackled the question of whether the police tactic of “kettling” (verb, UK, of the police – to contain demonstrators in a Kettling is a crowd control tactic that's getting talked about a lot right now, but it's been part of the police toolkit for a very long time. Kettling (also known as containment or corralling) [1] is a police tactic for controlling large crowds during demonstrations or protests. Can the police use force to form a kettle? The police can use reasonable force to form a kettle, and to hold people inside it. However, one G20 protestor complained that kettling is, “Keeping people inside an area until they are boiling with rage. Apr 16, 2009 · Police sources have told the BBC they expect the current inquiry to support the continued use of kettling. It was the first time that the city's officers, who have been Feb 8, 2024 · The method involves large cordons of police officers containing a crowd in a limited area. Jan 31, 2025 · London’s Metropolitan Police is facing growing calls for a review of its handling of a pro-Palestine demonstration earlier this month in which dozens of protesters were arrested. Find out how to challenge an unlawful kettle and when it breaches your human rights. Jul 2, 2021 · What is Kettling? Kettling is a strategy that police across the world use to address large numbers of protestors. Nov 12, 2020 · The policing of this summer’s UK Black Lives Matter protests was institutionally racist, according to a report released today by police monitoring coalition Netpol. Usually seems to work because most people don't actually want to do anything more than be heard. Mar 16, 2025 · Celtic took on Rangers at Parkhead on 16 March and there was chaos that ensued ahead of the Old Firm derby. Kettling is a crowd control tactic used by law enforcement. Nov 24, 2010 · Police risked controversy today as they "kettled" several hundred protesters after clashes during student tuition fee protests. net dictionary. How does one (Or one hundred) render kettling ineffective? Mar 1, 2023 · New York City has agreed to pay several million dollars to settle a lawsuit brought by protesters who say they were assaulted, abused and trapped by police using a technique known as “kettling Cops used kettling, smoke grenades, and pepper spray in a reactionary attempt to shut down solidarity for immigrants. The verb 'kettling' as seen increased attention in the wake of the mass protest activity seen in 2020. Definition of kettling in the Definitions. Aug 24, 2022 · Meaning The term ‘ kettling ’ refers to a crowd control tactic employed by police forces in the United States, Europe, the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. Sep 30, 2020 · Protests calling for racial justice and an end to police brutality swept the United States in late May following the death of George Floyd. ” When a crowd of Sep 30, 2020 · New York City police planned the assault and mass arrests of peaceful protesters in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the South Bronx on June 4, 2020. What does kettling mean? Information and translations of kettling in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Then they let them stew for a few hours. Mar 2, 2023 · NYC to pay millions over police 'kettling' at George Floyd protest New York City has agreed to pay several million dollars to settle a lawsuit brought by protesters who say they were assaulted Sep 6, 2023 · Kettling involves creating a cordon of police officers to surround a crowd in order to control it. Despite the historic magnitude of financial costs to the city across multiple legal settlements, in the three-plus years since the summer of 2020, the department internally has rarely found any of its conduct to be worthy of punishment beyond a handful of oral and Aug 18, 2020 · What is ‘kettling’? It’s a controversial tactic to contain crowds, and Chicago police are accused of using it during downtown protests. Apr 14, 2011 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Sep 20, 2024 · For the sake of democracy and the protection of First Amendment rights, that day can’t come soon enough. This method is often used during large gatherings, such as protests or public events, where law Kettling: The police section off a block of demonstrators, surround them, and refuse to let anyone enter or leave their perimeter. While protesting is a legally protected and completely valid way to let your feelings be known, that doesn’t stop law enforcement from sometimes trying to stifle protests Mar 1, 2023 · The police boxed in racial justice demonstrators in 2020, an anti-protest practice known as “kettling,” then hit them with batons and pepper spray. Jun 14, 2025 · How to Stay Safe Protesting ICE — and What to Expect From Cops in Your City Do police in your city use tear gas or rubber bullets? Repression tactics from Seattle to Chicago, plus how to prepare. Aug 26, 2024 · Protesters Put Up With Massive Police Presence, Preemptive Kettling, and Aggressive Restrictions to Bring Their Message to the DNC Jun 29, 2010 · A police tactic called “kettling” has drawn controversy everywhere it’s been used – from London in 1990 and 2009 to Genoa, Italy in 2001. Apr 19, 2019 · Police officers can issue them if they "reasonably believe" that the protest "may result in serious public disorder, serious damage to property or serious disruption to the life of the community". The kettling tactic involves officers surrounding an unruly crowd, preventing them from leaving the area they’re protesting in. ‘Kettling’ is a controversial police containment tactic and has come under strong criticism from many civil rights and campaign […] Jun 2, 2020 · DC Police Again Turn to “Kettling,” a Controversial Crowd Control Technique The cops boxed in protesters at Swann Street last night. Apr 14, 2011 · The High Court has rulled that the Metropolitan police broke the law by kettling up to 5,000 demonstrators at the G20 protests in April 2009 and that it was `unjustified' because there was no risk of `imminent breaches of the peace'. This article elaborates upon the spatial and temporal logics of kettling by investigating the conditions of its historical emergence. Do they disperse or contain it? Dec 9, 2010 · Police attempting to control student demonstrators in London resort to controversial "kettling" techniques to contain protest. Sep 30, 2020 · The 99-page report, “‘Kettling’ Protesters in the Bronx: Systemic Police Brutality and Its Costs in the United States,” provides a detailed account of the police response to the June 4 Jun 3, 2020 · “Kettling” is a law enforcement tactic in which police form lines blocking streets to contain people within a limited area. With protests continuing throughout the US, kettling has become increasingly common. Generally reprehensible tactic, courts usually rule in favor of it. Jun 8, 2020 · The technique police used to hem the crowd in is a controversial tactic called kettling. Jun 9, 2025 · A large number of Los Angeles Police Department officers in riot gear arrived as the crowd continued to build and began dispersing people, moving them away from the federal jail. One of the more controversial techniques is something called "kettling. Jun 15, 2020 · Police have been using various crowd management tactics in the face of nationwide demonstrations this month. Jun 26, 2025 · Understanding ‘Kettling’ and Your Rights If You’re Contained by Law Enforcement Protests are nothing new in America—protesting is an American tradition, protected under the First Amendment of the U. Mar 13, 2021 · Portland police officers formed a perimeter to detain around 100 demonstrators during a night of protests in Oregon's biggest city. The incident unfolded as around 100 masked and hooded Union Bears arrived under police escort but were kettled outside the stadium for over two hours, surrounded by scores of officers. Sep 14, 2011 · Police "kettling" tactics are like a fishing trawler catching everything in its path, a lawyer tells the European Court of Human Rights. Jan 19, 2012 · The Metropolitan Police has succeeded in its appeal against a Divisional Court ruling (see previous post) that the use of crowd control measures – in this case, containment or “ kettling ” – against Climate Camp protesters did not constitute “lawful police operations”. We argue that kettling should be understood as a territorial strategy that co-evolved in relation to forms of disruptive protest. In New York and across the nation, police departments should immediately ban kettling, which threatens the First Amendment rights of all protesters and specifically undermines the work of the press. Recourse by police to kettling technique, which at the relevant time had no legal basis, violated the rights to freedom of movement and assembly of the applicants, who were prevented from participating in a demonstration In today’s Chamber judgment1 in the case of Auray and Others v. Meaning of kettling. It all unfolds in real time, as dozens of LAPD officers execute a calculated st Mar 8, 2016 · COP26 marchers resist unlawful kettling tactics Nov 9, 2021 | Kettling Police Powers, Protest Photo credit: @YCLBritain Police Scotland have come under heavy criticism after kettling a group of young people at the main COP26 climate march in Glasgow on Saturday, bringing tens of thousands of people marching behind them to a standstill. Read to learn how past and present approaches differ from each other. Mar 1, 2023 · NEW YORK (AP) — New York City has agreed to pay several million dollars to settle a lawsuit brought by protesters who say they were assaulted, abused and trapped by police using a technique Oct 1, 2020 · The New York Police Department planned the assault and mass arrest of nearly 300 protesters in a Bronx neighborhood in June using a tactic known as “kettling,” Human Rights Watch said in an Sep 10, 2020 · Kettling is a police tactic used to control crowds. Jun 8, 2020 · Kettling is the word used to describe the police tactic of corralling demonstrators into a space for several hours. Meanwhile, police expert Professor Peter Waddington from Wolverhampton University says the tactic owes its genesis to a dilemma faced by officers confronted with a noisy, and possibly violent, crowd. Mar 13, 2017 · The controversial “kettling” crowd control system was used by police on Rangers fans ahead of yesterday’s Old Firm derby at Parkhead. Likened to how heat and steam are contained in a Mar 17, 2025 · Police Scotland kettling the Green Brigade on London Road. Clip ref EZ11 available in SD. A small band of supporters were surrounded by officers Apr 19, 2019 · Police officers can issue them if they "reasonably believe" that the protest "may result in serious public disorder, serious damage to property or serious disruption to the life of the community". The use by police of controversial kettling tactics at the London G20 protests in 2009 has been declared unlawful by the High Court. Jan 14, 2021 · Kettling Throughout the time the curfew orders were in effect and beyond, officers engaged in an unlawful practice of kettling or corralling protesters without providing them an opportunity to disperse, and thereafter making mass arrests of protesters without probable cause. Apr 14, 2011 · The controversial policing method of 'kettling' was deemed not 'reasonably necessary' by judges as two climate change campaigners partially won their legal battle over tactics used during G20 Police Kettling at Miners' Strike Picket Line, Sheffield 1980s from the Kinolibrary Archive Film Collections. Kettling sparked further controversy when used during the 2009 G20 summit and the student fee protests in 2010. S. In a letter to Jun 12, 2025 · A peaceful protest by hundreds of people in downtown Las Vegas on Wednesday evening calling for an end to immigration enforcement raids escalated into confrontations with law enforcement. In this article, we discuss riot and crowd control tactics through the years. The protesters were supporters and members of the unregistered Democratic Party of Kazakhstan (DPK), The kettling tactic used by police to pen in 5,000 people during the G20 protests carries significant risks, the man leading the review of public order policing said today. Jun 4, 2020 · Kettling is a police tactic that involves surrounding a group of people in order to restrict their mobility to a specific area, often for hours on end. Dec 9, 2010 · Police attempting to control student demonstrators in London resort to controversial "kettling" techniques to contain protest. Mar 1, 2023 · In a historic settlement, the City of New York will pay at least $21,500 apiece to people 'kettled' by police during a June 2020 George Floyd protest. It is the colloquial or “media term” for the police tactic of “containment”, which involves containing Apr 12, 2019 · Abstract ‘Kettling’ has emerged in recent decades as an established, if controversial, tactic of public order policing. Learn more. Jun 18, 2013 · Kettling - shown here at a different protest - involves police forming a barrier around protesters Police officers who took the personal details of a woman "kettled" during a trade union rally in Mar 15, 2012 · "Kettling" tactics used by the Metropolitan Police to contain crowds in 2001 were lawful, the European Court of Human Rights has ruled. When kettled, you can’t leave on your own or comply with an order to disperse — unless police reopen an exit. The police can search you whilst in a kettle if: They reasonably suspect you are carrying something unlawful (like a weapon or drugs). The European Court of Human Rights found France guilty of using the tactic during a 2010 demonstration. Apr 13, 2023 · “Kettling” (also known as containment or corralling) is a police tactic for controlling large crowds during demonstrations or protests. Louis city police officers violated protesters’ civil rights by using chemical weapons and interfering with the videotaping of police activity during a controversial arrest technique used Sunday night, according to a lawsuit filed in federal court. Sep 5, 2023 · Terms of the deal reached in Manhattan federal court call for an end to a crowd-control tactic known as “kettling,” a term that describes officers barricading large groups of people bef… Apr 14, 2011 · The use by London police of "kettling" containment tactics during anti-G20 protests in 2009 was unlawful, the High Court ruled on Thursday. The kettling of climate change campaigners by police during the violent G20 protests two years ago was “unlawful” and could not be “justified”, the High Court ruled yesterday. This allows Jun 9, 2020 · “Kettling is a law enforcement tactic specifically applied when the police have chosen to criminalize existence in public spaces,” says Blake Strode, Executive Director of ArchCity Defenders Mar 15, 2024 · # New footage shows how police kettled protesters, trapping them in a corridor of violence in the early days of 2020 protests. Police also use the tactic of feigning kettles – making it look as though they are about to kettle – in order to encourage protesters to move away from a strategic location, or to disperse a crowd. Jan 19, 2012 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Finally, we would look at the simple legality of the practice – that is, if kettling outright breaks the law. This containment Jun 2, 2021 · An Intercept and SITU reconstruction of an incident in Charlotte, North Carolina, last June shows how police intentionally kettled hundreds of protesters. See full list on usatoday. Departing from a historical emphasis on dispersal, kettling instead acts to contain protesters within a police cordon for sustained periods of time. Jun 24, 2024 · Chicago Police Department officials have significantly changed their plan to handle protests during the Democratic National Convention in response to objections lodged by police reform groups against a policy that would allow mass arrests, officials said. Mar 1, 2023 · NEW YORK — New York City has agreed to pay several million dollars to settle a lawsuit brought by protesters who say they were assaulted, abused and trapped by police using a technique known as “kettling” at a demonstration in the wake of George Floyd’s killing. Public order officers say it is used to contain and close down marches when they get violent. This strategy is often employed when police believe the situation is becoming volatile or when they’re trying to prevent specific actions, such as property damage or clashes between opposing groups. Mar 1, 2023 · New York City officials have reached a multimillion-dollar settlement over the New York Police Department’s use of “kettling” against protesters in June 2020. Jun 20, 2025 · Kettling is a police tactic used to contain groups—often protesters—within a confined area to maintain public order or prevent a breach of the peace. It also allows the police to Apr 14, 2011 · Protesters seek a judicial review into tactics used by police at the G20 demonstrations in London. Apr 14, 2011 · Two activists win their case against police tactics used during G20 protests as a court rules containment was "not justified". LAPD officers kettled a large group of rioters in downtown Los Angeles Monday night and told them they are all under arrest. Mar 1, 2023 · New York City has agreed to pay several million dollars to settle a lawsuit brought by protesters who say they were assaulted, abused and trapped by police using a technique known as “kettling Jul 22, 2021 · As recently as July 6th 2021, a couple of dozens of peaceful protesters were kettled by police in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Mar 15, 2018 · Faulk was arrested alongside approximately 100 protesters, bystanders, and other journalists--all caught in a police tactic known as kettling. Jun 6, 2020 · The “kettling” of protesters, explained The police crowd-control tactic has been used at protests across the country. Police Scotland also released a statement after the match, in which they said “A group of 90 people were denied entry to Celtic Park on Sunday. Kettling or Corralling “Kettling” is a crowd control tactic used by police; it uses large cordons (or rows of officers) to entrap and corral protesters. Jun 8, 2020 · The information we received from independent legal observers on the ground during Black Lives Matter protests over the weekend was that a Section 35 dispersal order, enabling officers to direct people to leave and not return from the area because of “anti-social behaviour”, was authorised on Saturday for 24 hours and was therefore in place last night. Aug 25, 2015 · A senior police officer who ordered the controversial ‘kettling’ tactics during Toronto’s G20 summit five years ago has been found guilty of three of five charges, a judge ruled Tuesday morning. Sophie K Rosa takes a closer look at its findings. Our own eyewitness account of LAPD using kettling tactics to trap protesters. In this sense, it refers to the police tactic of surrounding and restricting the movement of crowds. ” While its use has been controversial and legally challenged, the European courts have upheld the legality of kettling. The practice has been condemned by human rights organizations because, in most cases, police end up Sep 22, 2017 · St. In an effort to control the ongoing protests against police brutality, law-enforcement officials in some cities have resorted to a controversial practice known as “kettling. When police officers "kettle" a protest, they block it off into a small, confined area, and often shrink that area smaller by pushing in the sides of it. Mar 17, 2025 · What Is Kettling? In this informative video, we will discuss the police tactic known as kettling. Jun 22, 2011 · Toronto police will never again use the controversial crowd control technique known as kettling, employed during last year’s G20 summit, the Star has learned. com May 20, 2019 · Police use it to prevent violence. It all unfolds in real time, as dozens of LAPD officers execute a calculated st Jun 12, 2025 · Several hundred people gathered and marched in downtown Las Vegas on Wednesday night to protest against the Trump administration’s immigration enforcement tactics. Jan 2, 2024 · Radievska said the only other recent example of police kettling protestors with the same intensity was inside Sydney’s Central Station in 2020 during the much larger Black Lives Matter protests. Mar 1, 2023 · New York City and the New York Police Department have agreed to collectively pay millions to protesters who were arrested, detained or subjected to violence. Hundreds will receive $21,500 each. ” Police typically form a barrier in front of the protestors while simultaneously pushing them forward from behind. Nov 9, 2021 · Police Scotland have come under heavy criticism after kettling a group of young people at the main COP26 climate march in Glasgow on Saturday, bringing tens of thousands of people marching behind them to a standstill. Jun 12, 2025 · Something else to bear in mind: One particularly controversial police tactic during protests is “kettling,” in which law enforcement blocks off exit routes to confine protesters within a closed-off space. It involves the formation of large barricades of police officers who then move to contain a crowd within a limited area. Jun 23, 2020 · 'There are credible accounts of police action in violation of speech, including 'kettling' and the use of excessive force,' the ACLU said. Apr 6, 2009 · The ‘ kettling ’ of protesters at the G20 protests in London – police penning them for hours, refusing to let anyone leave and periodically attacking those at the edges – has caused widespread concern. Jun 7, 2019 · “Kettling” is when police form a cordon surrounding a group of protesters, immobilizing them for hours or directing them to a single exit. The police do not use the term “kettling”. Sep 13, 2011 · The controversial police tactic of "kettling" during mass demonstrations is to be challenged in the European Court of Human Rights. a method of controlling a crowd in which police form lines around the crowd and prevent people…. May 24, 2012 · When police in Montreal kettled student protesters, they were using a controversial crowd control method that has led to complaints of human rights violations, but one that has also been called Can the police take down my personal details? The police are not allowed to use the controlled dispersal process as an opportunity to take down the names and addresses of people who have been kettled. What is Kettling? Kettling refers to a police tactic where officers surround and confine a group of protesters, often in a small area, to control the situation and prevent further movement. Other instances of police kettling appeared May 19, 2009 · My understanding (which could very well be wrong, please correct me if it is) is that in a kettling situation, protesters and demonstrators are held within a police containment line for several hours to "contain" the protest situation. This was based on assumptions about Feb 8, 2024 · The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on Thursday found France guilty of unlawfully employing a controversial police tactic to encircle protesters during a 2010 demonstration. Apr 12, 2019 · Abstract ‘Kettling’ has emerged in recent decades as an established, if controversial, tactic of public order policing. While protest and riot management Learn what kettling is, when and how the police can kettle you, and what rights and obligations you have in a kettle. A second reporter said as he panned around to the large group of rioters and reporters being kettled: The police just said we’re all under Feb 7, 2024 · The settlement would end the NYPD's practice of "kettling" protesters, and award $21,500 each to at least 200 protesters who say the police brutalized them during demonstrations over the murder of George Floyd in 2020. Sep 6, 2023 · The agreement bans several controversial tactics, including one known as kettling, while creating a four-tiered response system that emphasizes deescalation. Jun 5, 2020 · Ostensibly a form of riot control, kettling occurs when police officers block off streets and push people into confined areas, like a city block or a bridge. The coalition of police reform groups behind Metropolitan Police. It involves the police confining protesters (and sometimes bystanders) to a specific area, with those caught inside only being able to leave at the decision of the police. Jan 1, 2012 · 25. France (application no. In court papers late Tuesday Jun 10, 2025 · As soon as the sun went down, police moved in to make mass arrests. Jun 10, 2025 · Police corralled the protesters onto the bridge, a technique known as kettling, before shooting rubber bullets, tear gas and smoke. Often these tactics result in long stand-offs in which the police contain the demonstrators in a small location for long periods – sometimes overnight. Dec 16, 2020 · Kettling is a controversial containment technique used by police during protests that has the purported purpose of de-escalating tensions, but has come under heavy criticism for having the opposite effect. Protesters either leave through an exit controlled by the police, leave through an uncontrolled gap in the cordons, or are contained Jun 12, 2025 · "Kettling" might work because it is the most efficient use of police manpower, and renders rioting ultimately boring, even shameful, if participants have to end up defecating or urinating in public. Jan 31, 2011 · If we took the police practice of kettling as our benchmark however, we would expect a complete lock-down and violent containment of an entire borough if someone broke a window or pushed past a bouncer. Critics say the tactic ensnares lawful protesters and innocent bystanders. Mar 15, 2018 · Faulk was arrested alongside approximately 100 protesters, bystanders, and other journalists–all caught in a police tactic known as kettling. KETTLING meaning: 1. Essentially, the tactic involves “boxing people in like sardines. There is a section 60 authorisation in place. For commercial p Apr 2, 2012 · Kettling: Can a public interest motive justify a deprivation of liberty or not? – Robert Wastell 2 April 2012 by Guest Contributor Austin & Others v. 1162/22) the European Court of Human Rights held, unanimously, that there had been: Mar 2, 2023 · NYC to pay millions over police 'kettling' at George Floyd protest New York City has agreed to pay several million dollars to settle a lawsuit brought by protesters who say they were assaulted . Jun 5, 2020 · The kettling operations carried out by the police department after curfew have become among the most unsettling symbols of its use of force against peaceful protests, and have touched off a fierce Jan 26, 2023 · “Kettling” (also known as containment or corralling) is a police tactic for controlling large crowds during demonstrations or protests. savxif svvd yxcpkl tqjf acgwu wnarjby btbbuf drif mjnkro avdra